Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a remarkable journey filled with anticipation and change. To ensure a healthy pregnancy and a smooth transition to motherhood, it is important to be well-informed and prepared. This article offers general advice on navigating the physical, emotional, and practical aspects of pregnancy.

Pregnancy Symptoms to Look Out For

Common symptoms associated with pregnancy include:

• Tender/swollen breasts
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue
• Bloating
• Constipation
• Frequent urination
• Indigestion and heartburn

Possible Pregnancy Complications

While most pregnancies are relatively smooth and uneventful, some pregnancies may be associated with complications. Common ones include:

Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia is a high blood pressure condition affecting around 4% of pregnancies in Singapore. Common symptoms include dizziness, headaches, vomiting, vision changes, and pain in the upper abdomen.

Pre-term Labour

Pre-term labour occurs with contractions, ruptured membranes, or blood-stained mucus before 37 weeks. Expectant mothers might receive steroid injections to accelerate lung development if premature birth becomes inevitable.

Gestational Diabetes

This type of diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. It is important to manage gestational diabetes through diet, exercise, and sometimes medication to minimise complications for both mother and baby.

Reduced Foetal Movements

A significant and persistent decrease in foetal movement should prompt a consultation with your doctor, as it may indicate potential complications that warrant urgent attention.

Ectopic Pregnancy

This occurs when a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. This is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention as it can rupture the fallopian tube. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and shoulder pain.

Antepartum Haemorrhage

This refers to vaginal bleeding after 24 weeks of pregnancy. Though often idiopathic, it is essential to rule out serious underlying conditions such as placenta previa (low-lying placenta) or placenta abruption (premature separation) to ensure the baby's and mother's health.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Infection

This type of bacterial infection can be found in up to 30-40% of pregnant women’s vaginas or rectums. GBS can be passed to the baby during delivery, potentially causing severe infections.

Common Prenatal Screenings and Tests

Regular check-ups with your obstetrician are important. During your prenatal visits, several tests may be performed to assess your and your baby’s health.

• Physical Exam – As a standard procedure, your weight will be checked. Additionally, the doctor will examine your abdomen to check the size and position of your baby.
• Ultrasound Scan – This imaging test determines your due date, examines your uterus and other pelvic anatomy, monitors foetal growth, and detects any foetal abnormalities.
• Laboratory Tests – Blood tests and urine analyses are typically done to detect infections and abnormalities. Blood tests also screen for other issues like gestational diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, and anaemia.
• Genetic Screening – These tests detect genetic abnormalities before birth and are often recommended for couples with a family history of genetic disorders or previous pregnancies with certain genetic issues.
• Foetal Monitoring – During the later parts of pregnancy and labour, foetal monitoring will track your baby's heart rate and contractions to ensure adequate oxygen supply and identify any issues that may arise.
• Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Screening – A vaginal swab, typically performed between 35-37 weeks, checks for GBS colonisation to prevent potential transmission to the baby during delivery.

Managing High-Risk Pregnancies

A high-risk pregnancy or delivery refers to any condition that increases the chances of negative outcomes for the expectant mother, foetus, or both.

Managing a high-risk pregnancy requires specialised care to ensure a healthy pregnancy and safe delivery. If you have a high-risk pregnancy, it is crucial to work closely with your medical team. They may advise you on lifestyle adjustments and medical interventions needed to support your pregnancy and birth, along with more frequent scans and tests to monitor your condition.

General Pregnancy Tips

Here are some tips to increase the chances of having a smooth pregnancy:

Regular Prenatal Care

Regular prenatal care is essential for monitoring the health of both the mother and the baby, detecting potential complications early, and receiving prompt treatment and advice along the way.

Manage Pre-existing Conditions

If you have conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or thyroid disorders, inform your obstetrician and monitor these closely during pregnancy. Regular monitoring and adjustments to your treatment plan may be necessary to prevent complications.

Lifestyle Modifications

Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Stay hydrated and avoid harmful substances such as alcohol and cigarettes. Prioritise getting adequate sleep and proper stress management.

Exercise

Regular exercise helps one stay fit and active during pregnancy. However, extreme sports or contact sports should generally be avoided during pregnancy.

Can I still have sex during pregnancy?

Yes, it is generally safe to have sex during pregnancy so long as there are no complications such as placenta previa or significant discomfort. Nonetheless, it is best to consult your doctor for personalised advice.

When can I air travel during pregnancy?

While policy may vary between airlines, most airlines allow pregnant women to fly until around their 35th week. However, it is best to consult your obstetrician beforehand to ensure it is safe for you to travel. It is also recommended that you carry a relevant medical certificate when you fly.